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Difference between Pay a heavy price for something and Pay the penalty for something

pay a heavy price for somethingsuffer a serious disadvantage or loss in return for smth. one has gained:

  • Our troops recaptured the city, but they paid a heavy price for it.

pay the penalty for somethingsuffer a disadvantage or loss because of wrongdoing or an error:

  • I’m paying the penalty for drinking too much last night; I’ve got a dreadful headache!